The behavioral assessment and alleviation of pain associated with castration in beef calves treated with flunixin meglumine and caudal lidocaine epidural anesthesia with epinephrine. [electronic resource]
Producer: 20090713Description: 375-82 p. digitalISSN:- 0008-5286
- Anesthesia, Caudal -- veterinary
- Anesthesia, Epidural -- veterinary
- Anesthetics, Combined -- administration & dosage
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal -- drug effects
- Cattle -- surgery
- Clonixin -- administration & dosage
- Epinephrine -- administration & dosage
- Lidocaine -- administration & dosage
- Locomotion
- Male
- Orchiectomy -- adverse effects
- Pain -- drug therapy
- Pain Measurement -- methods
- Pain, Postoperative -- drug therapy
- Random Allocation
- Time Factors
- Vocalization, Animal -- drug effects
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Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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