Pragliola, Claudio Staged transthoracic approach to persistent atrial fibrillation (TOP-AF): study protocol for a randomized trial. [electronic resource] - Trials May 2014 - 190 p. digital Publication Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial ISSN: 1745-6215 Standard No.: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-190 doi Subjects--Topical Terms: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents--therapeutic useAnticoagulants--therapeutic useAtrial Fibrillation--drug therapyCatheter Ablation--methodsHumansMinimally Invasive Surgical Procedures--methodsRecurrenceReoperation--methodsResearch DesignThoracotomy--methods