Gao, Yanan Tramadol loading, release and iontophoretic characteristics of ion-exchange fiber. [electronic resource] - International journal of pharmaceutics Apr 2014 - 102-11 p. digital Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ISSN: 1873-3476 Standard No.: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.02.017 doi Subjects--Topical Terms: Administration, CutaneousAnalgesics, Opioid--administration & dosageAnimalsCalorimetry, Differential ScanningChemistry, PharmaceuticalCrystallography, X-RayDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CarriersHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIon ExchangeIontophoresisKineticsMaleMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningPolypropylenes--chemistryPowder DiffractionRats, WistarSkin AbsorptionSolubilitySpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredTechnology, Pharmaceutical--methodsTramadol--administration & dosage