Black pepper essential oil to enhance intravenous catheter insertion in patients with poor vein visibility: a controlled study.

Kristiniak, Susan

Black pepper essential oil to enhance intravenous catheter insertion in patients with poor vein visibility: a controlled study. [electronic resource] - Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) Nov 2012 - 1003-7 p. digital

Publication Type: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

1557-7708

10.1089/acm.2012.0106 doi


Administration, Topical
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Catheterization, Peripheral--methods
Catheters
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Nursing Process
Oils, Volatile--administration & dosage
Piper nigrum--chemistry
Plant Extracts--administration & dosage
Treatment Outcome
Veins--drug effects